Installation on Linux not really documented (have to dig though the GitHub wiki, nothing is documented regarding GnuPG integration on their website).
Once GnuPG integration works, it pretends it cannot find the public key for a recipient (manual searching the key on keys.openpgp.org works flawlessly). If you somehow make it work, it basically replaces the editor of your webmailer with this plaintext editor (so you can't really use the default editor of your webmailer anymore).

All in all I can't really recommend this extension.
Either you trust your webmailer enough to give it your keys or just use a local mail client.

If you still want to bother trying this extension, for Linux Mint/Ubuntu you can enable GnuPG integration like this:

1. install gpgme-json (it prentends to automatically set up the firefox native-messaging-hosts file for you, but that's a lie)
2. create the "native-messaging-hosts" config "/usr/lib/mozilla/native-messaging-hosts/gpgmejson.json" with the following contents

{
"name": "gpgmejson",
"description": "Integration with GnuPG",
"path": "/usr/bin/gpgme-json",
"type": "stdio",
"allowed_extensions": [
"jid1-AQqSMBYb0a8ADg@jetpack"
]
}

3. restart firefox
4. mailvelope should now detect your GnuPG backend

This is really painless PGP experience! Easy to setup, easy to use

Der email Anbieter GMX empfiehlt diese Erweiterung zur verschlüsselung. Ich vertraue GMX auch nicht zu 100% und nach dieser Empfehlung bin ich stark verunsichert mit GMX was die da empfehlen. Zur Sache Mailvelope will alle meine browserdaten auslesen...kannst vergessen

⚠️Beware of sketchy perms for what should just be an email signer.

I am voting one-star only to be visible with the bad votes because it almost made me not trying it out:
Contrary to the tone here, it works on Firefox/Linux with native gpg very well (current openSUSE Tumbleweed here).
Follow these instructions: https://github.com/mailvelope/mailvelope/wiki/Mailvelope-GnuPG-integration
Yes, it needs creating one file by hand.